ABSTRACT Determining what and how much each environmental factor affects pregnancy is crucial to the sustainability and management of beef cow herds. The study evaluated through logistic regression the effect of environmental variables on the increase or reduction in the pregnancy rate of beef cows. The average pregnancy rate in the cows was 73 %, with an average age for the herd of 3.7 years. An increase in age of one year represented a 30 % increase in pregnancy, while a reduction of one year reduced the odds of pregnancy in the cows by 23 %. During the lactation period, an extra seven days’ lactation reduced the odds of pregnancy by 12 %. For every seven days that weaning was brought forward, the cows’ pregnancy odds increased by 14 %. An increase of 0.1 kg in average daily gain represented an increase of 17 % and 15 % in the odds of pregnancy during the first 60 days post-partum and 60 days to the end of the reproductive period. On the other hand, the loss of 0.1 kg in average daily gain resulted in a 14 % and 13 % reduction in the cows’ pregnancy odds, respectively. Factors such as age, the precocity of calving in the calving season, the time the calf remains with the cow and better performance in cows between calving and the end of the mating are strategies that increase the chances of pregnancy in beef cows.

Abstract Potential variables for the reproductive success of beef cows were evaluated. Included in the model were the age of the cow at calving; the interval between the Julian calving date and the end of the breeding season; the body weight and conditions at calving, at 75 days post-partum and at the end of the breeding season; and the mean daily variation in weight between these dates. Logistic regression was used in the analysis, with the parameters evaluated using the odds ratio statistic, estimating the chance of pregnancy. The mean rate of pregnancy was 84% and 55% for early and late-weaned cows, respectively. For early weaned cows, the regression variables were the Julian calving date, age of the cow, weight gain from calving to 75 days post-partum, and from 75 days post-partum to the end of the reproductive period. For late-weaned cows, there were only two regression variables, weight at calving and weight gain from calving to the end of the reproductive period. For every year above the average age of the herd, early weaned cows have an 80.9% greater chance of pregnancy, while a reduction of one year reduces the chance of pregnancy by 44.7%. In early weaned cows, every seven days after the mean Julian calving date reduces the chances of pregnancy by 22.6%, whereas every seven days before the mean calving date increases pregnancy by 29.2%. Greater gains in cow body weight, from calving to the end of the reproductive period, determine a greater probability of pregnancy.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate, through meta-analysis, the impact of subcutaneous fat thickness on beef qualitative traits. Combined data from 13 studies were used, comprising 245 carcasses of male bovines slaughtered in Brazil. Effect size for all parameters was calculated as mean difference or standardized mean difference, at 95% probability. The meta-analysis of random and fixed effects was carried out when I2>50% and I2<50%, respectively, for each indicator separately, with means for fat thickness, classified in the “control” (3–6 mm), “low” (<3 mm), and “high” (>6 mm) groups. Carcasses in the “high” group showed greater intramuscular fat deposition, whereas those in the “low” group presented an intramuscular fat deposition similar to that of the control. When the fat thickness was below the recommended threshold of 3 mm, shear force increased. Subcutaneous fat thickness values greater than 6 mm induced a positive change in the perception of tenderness by the panel of evaluators. Beef carcasses with a subcutaneous fat thickness over 6 mm tend to accumulate more intramuscular fat content and are tenderer for consumers’ acceptance. Carcasses with a fat thickness less than 3 mm produce tougher meat.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, por meio de meta-análise, o impacto da espessura de gordura subcutânea nas características qualitativas de carne bovina. Foram utilizados dados combinados de 13 estudos, compreendendo 245 carcaças de bovinos machos abatidos no Brasil. O tamanho do efeito para todos os parâmetros foi calculado como diferença média ou diferença média padronizada, a 95% de probabilidade. A meta-análise de efeitos aleatórios e fixos foi realizada quando I2>50% e I2<50%, respectivamente, para cada indicador separadamente, com as médias para espessura de gordura classificadas nos grupos “controle” (3–6 mm), “baixo” (<3 mm) e “alto” (>6 mm). As carcaças do grupo “alto” apresentaram maior deposição de gordura intramuscular, enquanto as do grupo “baixo” apresentaram deposição de gordura intramuscular semelhante à do controle. Quando a espessura da gordura estava abaixo do limite recomendado de 3 mm, a força de cisalhamento aumentou. Valores de espessura de gordura subcutânea maiores que 6 mm induziram mudança positiva na percepção de maciez pelo painel de avaliadores. As carcaças bovinas com espessura de gordura subcutânea superior a 6 mm tendem a acumular maior teor de gordura intramuscular e são mais macias para aceitação do consumidor. As carcaças com espessura de gordura inferior a 3 mm produzem carne mais dura.